The 'Big Five' Factors Personality Model - OCEAN

'The Big Five' is the commonly used term for the model of personality which describes the five fundamental factors of our personality. For reasons explained below the model is commonly referred to as OCEAN, being an acronym for names often used for the five traits. The alternative acronym CANOE is less commonly used. This summary and explanation has been provided by psychologist and psychometrics expert Paul Sinclair (see Paul's biography below), which is greatly appreciated.
The Big Five 'super traits' have been researched and validated by many different psychologists (WT Norman 1963, McCrae & Costa 1987, Brand & Egan 1989, LR Goldman 1990 and P Sinclair 1992) and are at the core of many other personality questionnaires.
While Raymond Cattell 'uncovered' 16 traits from his factor analysis (a statistical way of reducing a variety of things down to a smaller number of related clusters) in the development of the 16PF; no one else was able to replicate his work.
On the other hand, the Big Five Factors have been replicated in studies across the world and give us a confident summary of our mental building blocks, according to trait theory.
This had led to a number of slightly different 'translations' of the Big Five model, although each version essentially deals with the same theory and content. The words describing the characteristics change, but the basic characteristics do not. The 'translations' between the different interpretations are explained later.
Trait theory, on which many of our occupational questionnaires are based (for example, Cattell's 16PF and Saville & Holdsworth's 'OPQ' Occupational Personality Questionnaire), states that by the time we are in our early 20s and start work, our personality traits become more stable and reliable. This does not necessarily mean we become more stable or reliable, but that our individual personality traits become more fixed and are thus capable of being reliably measured.
For example, loud, confident, creative people tend to remain loud, confident and creative people throughout their careers. Quiet, unassuming, dependable people tend to remain so also.
When the first Big Five questionnaire was launched the UK in 1990, people were surprised and a little sceptical about the speed of the personality profiler; it took under 10 minutes to complete.
This was because it was only measuring five factors and not sixteen or thirty-two personality factors.
Suffice it to say, validation studies were published and presented to the British Psychology Society by the end of the 1990s the Big Five was established as a significant and fundamental personality testing model.

N.B. The pink colour in the tables is used for the Big Five terminology recommended by Paul Sinclair. Aside from this, colour is used (hopefully) to improve presentation only, and does not relate to other personality models on this webpage.

the big five model - five 'bipolar' scales

The bold names in the left column are the recommended names (by Paul Sinclair) for these factors. Other names are used for each of the factors, which might equate to names in the left or right columns. See the OCEAN names below.

Extraversion	vs	Introversion
Confidence	vs	Sensitive
Detail-conscious	vs	Unstructured
Tough-minded	vs	Agreeable
Conforming	vs	Creative

These scales are commonly alternatively represented by the OCEAN acronym and descriptions:

• Openness to experience (equates to Creative, opposite Conforming above)
• Conscientiousness (equates to Detail-conscious above)

This poster contains the inspirational quote:
"I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are more hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom come responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not yet ended." 
(Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, born 1918, South African lawyer, statesman and 1993 Nobel Peace Prize winner, from Mandela's inspirational 1994 book, Long Walk to Freedom.)

How great writing inspires more great writing

4 writers share a proven technique for improving your work—reading the work of others

By Brandi-Ann Uyemura

Published: February 15, 2012

Brandi-Ann Uyemura A beautifully composed sentence can leave readers in awe, but it can also have a motivating effect on other writers. In the 1997 movie As Good as It Gets, Jack Nicholson’s character says, “You make me want to be a better man.” Good writing can have that same effect—inspiring writers to be better. Writer/editor Dina Santorelli, for example, finds inspiration in the beauty of a well-written sentence, whether it’s from watching the television series House or reading The Submission by Amy Waldman. She says good writing “inspires me to reach deep down into my own bag of tricks—or perhaps my soul—and try to touch someone else in the way I have been [moved].” Becky Levine, author of The Writing & Critique Group Survival Guide, derives inspiration purely from

Can You Really Lose Weight and get into shape doing boxing

Did you know that you could lose weight and get into a killer figure envied by many while participating in boxing? Like other sporting activities, it offers the opportunity to tone up the body muscles, get unrivalled cardiovascular workout, strength and stamina build up and most importantly, shed off unwanted body fats typically around the tummy. This is due to the rigorous training and strict routine adhered to while training. Moreover, there are nutritionists who give advice on the type of diet that one should adopt therefore; one also gets to live a healthy lifestyle. With great discipline, you can gain a lot while training and what’s more, you do not have to go to competition. You could take it as a leisure activity and while having fun, you get to learn techniques that would come in handy while faced with danger. You can protect yourself better as you would be able to spot a dangerous situation from miles away.

The flash 3d carousel

The best thing I have ever seen on the internet is this Flash 3d carousel which is a form of animation used in the internet. More often than not, these images are a representation of web pages of an internet website. These images are a representation of web pages of an internet website. This slide show is simply breath taking. You should see it; you are not going to believe your eyes. Neither will you stop starring! It has different images rotating in a circle and one can change the rotation either clockwise or anti-clock wise by simply dragging the mouse about the images. Should you click on an image, a web page that is represented by this image will open up and you can go back to the carousel by clicking on the image again. How cool is that? The most amazing thing is that even though the images rotate in a circle,

Time management analogy

The time management 'rocks in bucket' story
Use this time management story to show how planning is the key to time management.

Start with a bucket, some big rocks enough to fill it, some small stones, some sand and water.

Put the big rocks in the bucket - is it full?

Put the small stones in around the big rocks - is it full?

Put the sand in and give it a shake - is it full?

Put the water in. Now it's full.

The point is: unless you put the big rocks in first, you won't get them in at all.

In other words: Plan time-slots for your big issues before anything else, or the inevitable sand and water issues will fill up your days and you won't fit the big issues in (a big issue doesn't necessarily have to be a work task - it could be your child's sports-day, or a holiday).

If you want more information about time management and planning, look at the time management and project management pages on the other site.

overview history of the four temperaments - or four humours

 From various sources and references, including Keirsey and Montgomery, here is a history of the Four Temperaments and other models and concepts related to the Four Temperaments or Four Humours. The words in this framework (from Hippocrates onwards) can be seen as possible describing words for each of the temperaments concerned, although do not attach precise significance to any of the words - they are guide only and not definitive or scientifically reliable. The correlations prior to Hippocrates are far less reliable and included here more for interest than for scientific relevance.    N.B. the colours in these charts do not signify anything - they merely assist (hopefully) with continuity between the different tables. The initials K and M denote interpretations according to Keirsey and Montgomery. Ancient dates are approximate. Some cautionary notes relating to the inclusion of some of these theorists and interpretations is shown below the grid. For believers in astrology and star-signs please resist the temptation to categorise yourself according to where your star-sign sits in the grid - these associations are not scientific and not reliable, and are included merely for historical context and information.

Keirsey/MBTI® reference	artisan/SP sensing-perceiving	guardian/SJ sensing-judging	idealist/NF intuitive-feeling	rationalist/NT intuitive-thinking
Ezekiel 590BC	lion	ox	man	eagle
Empedocles 450BC	Goea (air)	Hera (earth)	Zeus (fire)	Poseidon (water)
The Seasons	Spring	Autumn	Summer	Winter
Signs of Zodiac	Libra, Aquarius, Gemini	Capricorn, Taurus, Virgo	Aries, Leo, Sagittarius	Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces
Hippocrates 370BC	blood	black bile	yellow bile	phlegm
Hippocrates 370BC 'Four Qualities'	hot and moist	cold and dry	hot and dry	cold and moist
Plato 340BC (M)	artistic	sensible	intuitive	reasoning
Aristotle 325BC 'contribution to social order' (K)	'iconic'- artistic and art-making	'pistic' - common-sense and care-taking	'noetic' - intuitive sensibility and morality	'dianoetic' - reasoning and logical investigator
Aristotle 325BC Four Sources of Happiness (K)	'hedone' - sensual pleasure	'propraieteri' - acquiring assets	'ethikos' - moral virtue	'dialogike' - logical investigation
Galen 190AD Four Temperaments or Four Humours	sanguine	melancholic	choleric	phlegmatic
Paracelsus 1550 'Four Totem Spirits' (K)	Salamanders - impulsive and changeable	Gnomes - industrious and guarded	Nymph - inspiring and passionate	Sylphs - curious and calm
Eric Adickes 1905 Four World Views (K)	innovative	traditional	doctrinaire	sceptical
Eduard Spranger 1914 Four Value Attitudes (K)	artistic	economic	religious	theoretic
Ernst Kretschmer 1920 (M)	manic	depressive	oversensitive	insensitive
Eric Fromm 1947 (K)	exploitative	hoarding	receptive	marketing
Hans Eysenck 1950s (trait examples from his inventory)	lively, talkative, carefree, outgoing	sober, reserved, quiet, rigid	restless, excitable, optimistic, impulsive	careful, controlled, thoughtful, reliable
Myers 1958 (M)	perceiving	judging	feeling	thinking
Myers 1958 (K)	probing	scheduling	friendly	tough-minded
Montgomery 2002 on Jung/Myers	SP - spontaneous and playful	SJ - sensible and judicious	NF - intuitive and fervent	NT - ingenious and theoretical
Montgomery 2002 on Keirsey's Four Temperaments	says what is, does what works	says what is, does what's right	says what's possible, does what's right	says what's possible, does what works

Empedocles (c.450BC), the Sicilian-born Greek philosopher and poet was probably first to publish the concept of 'the elements' (Fire, Earth, Water, Air) being 'scientifically' linked to human behaviour: in his long

EmotionL Reaction Impedes Control

Emotional Reaction Impedes Control
In other words, think before you speak, and similar concepts of keeping calm under pressure.
This ERIC poster was kindly contributed by G Chamberlain, the likely originator of the ERIC maxim.
The poster and the ERIC maxim are useful for illustrating that emotional responses tend to hinder rational thinking and behaviour.
Objectivity is better than subjectivity when fairness and balance are required.

This is the rule of 'counting to ten' to avert feelings of rage or distress. It is certainly true and generally forgotten in the heat of an argument or other stressful situation, that becoming overly emotional is rarely helpful, and usually damaging to all concerned. The theory and learning relating to Transactional Analysis is especially useful in understanding what causes emotional reactions and how to manage these feelings when you feel them rising up.  (Thanks George Chamberlain, who in all likelihood originated this excellent mnemonic and aid to self-improvement around 1975. Incidentally the cartoon is from that time, and was drawn for George by Colin Howard.)

Aegis Padlock Review

Aegis Padlock Review USB Encrypted Hard Drive

Padlock is no longer a padlock if it comes in the form of Aegis USB encrypted hard drive with Personal Identification Number access for compliance with hitech act encryption requirements. This is not a normal padlock, in the contrary; it is an external hard drive that uses the USB port to connect to a machine and has an inbuilt key pad. It comes in two models, 128-bit AES encryption and 256-bit AES encryption. It ranges in size from 250GB to 1TB for both models. It requires no software installation yet it is very secure when it comes to protecting your personal, business or protected health information in real-time encryption. It is compatible on the three popular operating systems, Macintosh, Linux and Windows.

Read more...

Celebrating our BIRTHDAY

Today is the best day of our life. We are celebrating out birthday; he is turning 5 while am turning 30. I can't wait when he will be turning 30 and I 60. Do the math, you'll probably figure it out. This is a very special day for as I have never had such a day in my life with the following firsts;

ü I am a mother

ü I have a son

ü God has blessed me OK, Once again!

ü I have a satisfactory job that I like

ü I have conquered my worst fears

The only thing I know is that I will continually thank God every day for the numerous gifts He showers me on a daily basis and for my strength. If I had not any of the things that God has given me, I would be nothing. May His name be glorified forever! AMEN

Like Mother like son

He is cool, calm and collected, just like his mother.
He is slow to anger, just like his mother.
He is patient and laid back, just like his mother.
Talk of mixed colour, he is just like his mother.
He is a person of a few words, just like his mother.
He knows how to hang out, just like his mother.
He can stare just like his mother.
You should see his smile, captivating just like his mother's.
He has so much more to say but will stop here just like his mother.

EMR

The EMR

Electronic Medical Records in New York

New York’s Regional Extension Centers (RECs) has enabled over 10,000 doctors to adopt Electronic Medical Records by end year 2011. The main beneficiaries being primary care providers and small practices who struggle with the acquisition cost and implementation of the electronic system. These professionals are required to undergo a program where they are taught how to implement and put the system in to meaningful use that qualifies them to get reimbursements by the federal and state. This in return improves the quality and coordination of care for all patients across the state coupled with reduced operating costs. Most health care providers attest to Meaningful Use, regardless of their current EMR status. If all states and governments could adapt this kind of program then all patients world wide would benefit tremendously since these practitioners learn the art of time management, maximization of resources using the electronic records.

The EMR System at My Hospital

Ever since my hospital installed the emr system, I have had better services. I do not know what this program does all I know is that when I go to the lab, I do not have to wait for the results which sometimes are mixed up with others, but rather just show up at the doctors office and my prescription is ready. You see, I get exhausted from walking several kilometers to get to the hospital for my ARV medication. Before the hospital started using this application, it would take me two days to complete my journey back and forth. Now it is just a one-day journey while my experience at the hospital has become more enlightening and I always look forward to the next visit. Long gone are the days when I would queue for hours from one department to another. This program is a must have for all hospitals.

The benefits of using Electronic Medical Records

If there is a hospital out there that does not use Electronic Medical Records then, it must be losing on a lot of precious time that could be saved with this efficient system. Apart from the program keeping medical records, it offers quick, easy retrieval of data not to mention automated analysis of patient’s conditions. The records kept are clear and legible compared to handwritten records. We all know how doctors write; some of their writing is barely legible and the records kept may be incomplete and/or fragmented due to the paper-based system. The best part of the electronic program is that it can be accessed anywhere and anytime with accurate, up to date, shareable information as long as you have access to the internet. Given that it is electronic, it takes up little space and requires less administrative resources thus, makes great savings financially.

Privacy and confidentiality of the Electronic Medical Records

I cannot help but wonder about the privacy and confidentiality of these Electronic MedicalRecords that are now widely used by medics across the globe. These records can be accessed anywhere, anytime and by anyone (those who know how to). Let us face it, scholars use these records to do their research while hackers are on the loose. Do they offer any data protection policies? Do they have any in-built security features? Did the paper-based system offer better protection? Even before I could give another thought to these questions, I was presented with a system that can only be accessed by the authorized user’s fingerprint. Well, I guess this program is even better when it comes to confidentiality and security than I first thought. Going forward, I seek to understand how the paper-based system offered any data protection, security and confidentiality considering files could disappear!

How to assemble a bed

Oak bedroom furnitureHeirloom-quality, stunning, classical features and sturdy construction are just a few ways to describe an oak bedroom furniture set. Rather than spend thousands of dollars for a fully assembled set, many customers opt for ready-to-assemble oak furniture -- an inexpensive and high-quality alternative. Follow a few simple assembly instructions to reinvent your bedroom space with new oak furniture.

INSTRUCTIONSLean the headboard against the wall with the bed frame hardware facing out. Insert the bolts through the headboard's

OAK

Healthy Nutrition Basics

Oak wood is one of the most valued and desired types of wood for dining room furniture, tree seats and flooring but there are several types of oak wood and not all are the same. For that reason it is highly important to be well informed about different types of oak wood, their properties and uses because a carefully chosen oak furniture, for instance, can last for several generations.

Like its name suggests, oak wood is obtained from oak but there are over 600 oak species and not all of them are used for furniture making and flooring only. Oak genus includes large deciduous oak trees most people are familiar with as well as small shrub-like species. All oak species are native to northern hemisphere from cold latitudes to tropical areas of Asia and America but not all of them are used for wood. Oak trees are hardwoods which means that they are strong and hard yet easy to work with which makes oak wood very useful for both furniture making and a variety of other wood objects. In addition, oak wood is one of the most dense naturally occurring materials, while high content of tannin makes it resistant to both fungal diseases